Feedpad
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A feed pad is used for regular supplementary feeding and loafing of cows on an area that is either formed with a solid foundation and/or concreted and can be covered or uncovered. Feed pads allow for efficient feed use, however, they require significant work to establish and maintain, as well as an effective effluent management system.
Feed pads are usually sloped to accommodate various cleaning systems to support cow alley washing. Some feed pads have potential for the incorporation of roof structures or side shelters.
Feed pads are classified as a nutrient point source facility, which requires an appropriately designed effluent system and management strategies as cows may occupy the facility multiple times each day for extended periods throughout the year.
Depending on how the feed pad is used, it can help reduce lameness by keeping cows off damaged laneways and providing shade (if covered) to minimise heat stress. Feed pads can improve feed efficiency by reducing wastage and ensuring better utilisation of supplements. Feeding on a feed pad allows for greater flexibility in managing the herd’s dietary requirements, while also helping to protect paddocks from pugging and overgrazing, which can boost pasture production and reduce paddock renovation costs.
However, concrete feed pads without a suitable loafing area are not suitable for standing cows off for long periods, as prolonged time on hard surfaces increases the risk of lameness. Regular cleaning and scraping are also essential to prevent effluent build up and reduce the risk of cows slipping.
Limitations
Establishing a feed pad may require significant earthworks to ensure adequate drainage and slope, which can be costly. Water supply is another consideration – both for cow drinking needs and for flood washing, if required. Permanent facilities can also be challenging to retrofit or expand as herd sizes grow. Feed pads may attract increased regulatory attention, particularly regarding effluent management and odour emissions.
Design considerations
Feed pads need to be structurally designed and engineered to provide adequate space for feeding and loafing if required. An appropriately designed and managed facility will help prevent cow injury and discomfort. Ensure feed bunkers and machinery are close and can handle and supply a range of feeds.
Effluent systems need to efficiently handle solids, liquid and slurry at expected volumes. A plan to recycle nutrients generated from the facility could enhance fodder production and reduce fertiliser requirements. Sufficient and skilled labour is required to undertake daily operations. There are many types of effluent systems, careful consideration is needed to ensure the most appropriate system is chosen for the intended purpose.