Health and safety

Creating a safety culture on farm

Make health and safety a priority so that it becomes part of the workplace fabric and culture. If you view health and safety as just a legal obligation, then health and safety becomes about compliance, rather than a conscious decision to protect and look after the wellbeing of you and your team.

Mistakes can happen because of workload pressure, corner cutting, or rushing to meet time pressure. On-farm this can mean serious injury or death. As an employer it is important to create a workplace where your team feel safe and are comfortable raising health and safety concerns with you. A team that feels safe, physically and emotionally, will deliver better results, reduce risk and increase your ability to retain and attract new team members.

Who are you responsible for?

Farms are unique workplaces with contractors, visitors and family members often being on or around the working areas of the farm. WorkSafe provides guidance to farmers around the responsibilities they have towards the health and safety of both authorised and unauthorised visitors to the farm, and to children and young people.

Identifying risks

Preventing on-farm injuries, even relatively minor ones, is essential to avoid lost time and productivity, especially during calving, when the days get busier. DairyNZ research in conjunction with ACC has shown that the most common injuries on farm occurred in the paddock (34%) or were calf related (24%)

To identify risks specific to your farm, work out what farm activities, equipment or features have the potential to cause harm and list these with your team. The team may notice risks that you are not aware of. Turning this list into a formal document then creates a risk register. It's a great way to involve the entire team, share responsibility, and increase team 'buy-in' by making everyone feel included in the process.

You don’t need to spend time identifying and analysing every possible risk on-farm. You should focus on risks that could result in injury or ill-health.

Remember, not all risks are obvious. Loud machinery can cause hearing loss with prolonged exposure. Handling animals can result in illness like Leptosporosis. Continued long hours without rostered time off can cause fatigue.

Managing risks

Managing risks on-farm is the responsibility of the whole team. You are required to do what is reasonably practicable to manage risks in your business. This is about taking responsibility for what you can control. Overall, it means that you must do what’s reasonably possible to minimise harm, considering the likelihood and severity of harm, what people should reasonably know , and the availability, suitability, and cost of risk reduction methods.

If cost is to be considered, the test should be whether the cost is ‘grossly disproportionate’ to the risk.

Look at each risk and decide together whether you can reasonably and practicably eliminate, minimise or isolate each one and take the necessary steps to do so. Use this hazard management register template.

Remember, a Health, Safety and Wellbeing policy is a living document and as changes happen on farm(e.g. new machinery is purchased, or a new chemical is being used), the risks and management practices for this need to be added, old ones removed, and changes recorded.

Simply providing training and personal protective equipment (PPE) to staff is not enough to minimise risk.

The policies and procedures should be reviewed regularly and discussed at team meetings. Try the health and safety meeting minutes template.

Practical health and safety steps

Leading farmers have suggested the following practical ideas for implementing health and safety on farm:

Do

• Wear the appropriate PPE.
• Discuss any accidents/near-misses you have been involved in with the rest of the team. Record these and brainstorm what can be done to prevent this from happening again.
• Make health and safety part of everyday conversations.
• Include safety as an agenda item at farm staff meetings.
• Discuss hazards and their controls, any training required, accidents and near-misses, what to do in different emergencies, and so on. For more complex jobs try using this template to record your health and safety plan.
• Involve employees in health and safety. Employees are often the ones on the ground who are aware of potential hazards and problems. Their feedback and participation are essential for developing a safety culture on the farm.

Don’t

• Don’t cut corners e.g don’t try and do something an easier or faster way for the sake of it.
• Don’t undertake high-risk activities when you’re tired. Fatigue is a major cause of accidents. Don’t do them alone either if you can avoid it.
• Don’t assume that because a topic has been raised once people will remember what to do. Ongoing conversations are needed, and key messages need to be repeated regularly.

Take a look at these short videos about the importance of preventing sprain and strain injuries on-farm.

Make training and supervision a priority

• Ensure all new staff are given a health and safety introduction and a health and safety acknowledgement form is signed once completed.
• Ensure all employees receive the appropriate amount of supervision for their experience level until you are satisfied they can perform set tasks safely.
• Make on-the-job training part of everyday activities. Employees who know what they are doing, do a better job the first time around, make fewer mistakes, and have fewer accidents.
• Clearly communicate health and safety information through notices and signs around the farm.
• Send employees on appropriate training courses e.g., ATVs, chainsaws, motorbikes etc.
• Include a commitment to health and safety in written employment documents. This means doing things safely is an expected part of 'what good looks like' and is regularly assessed throughout the year.

Communicating with contractors

Communication is vital when managing risk and includes communicating with outside contractors who may do work on your farm, e.g. silage or fencing contractors.

It is important to know when the contractor is on and off farm, and that you and the contractor (or the contractor’s employer)understand and work to both parties’ Health and Safety policy.

To ensure contractors are aware of risks on your farm, use the contractor checklist template.

Notifiable event

A notifiable event is when any of the following occurs at a place of work:

• A death.
• Notifiable injury or illness:
  This is an injury that requires someone to be admitted to hospital for immediate treatment, or an injury or illness declared in regulations to be notifiable. It does not include fainting (unless it is due to a work-related cause), a sprain, strain or fracture that does not require hospitalisation (except for skull and spinal fractures).
• Notifiable incident:
  A notifiable incident is where someone's health or safety is seriously endangered or threatened. This includes where people may be put at serious risk even if they were some distance from the incident (e.g., from a gas leak).

For more detailed information visit WorkSafe or phone 0800 030 040.

WorkSafe guides and factsheets

Use the search filters or navigate around the WorkSafe website to find health and safety information about farming.

• Keep safe, keep farming toolkit
• Current recommendations on quad bike crush protection devices, (CPD)
• Safe cattle handling guide
• Safe use of quad bikes
• Safe use of tractors
• Safe use of two-wheeled motorbikes on farms
• Leptospirosis: working with dairy cattle
• Worker engagement and participation
• Woodlot harvesting on farms
• Power lines on rural properties
• Preventing noise-induced hearing loss
• Preventing manual handling injuries
• Children and young people on farms
• Visitors and events on farms
• WorkSafe assessment inspector visits
• Health and Safety self-assessment table